经济发展、公共教育投资与人力资本积累
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| Title | Economic Development, Public Education Investment and Human Capital Accumulation
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| 作者 | 才国伟 刘剑雄 |
| Author | Cai Guowei and Liu Jianxiong |
| 作者单位 | 中山大学岭南学院，中国社科院经济研究所 |
| Organization | Lingnan College of Sun Yat-sen University; Institute of Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |
| 作者Email | jxliu@cass.org.cn, |
| 中文关键词 | 公共教育 教育投资效率 收入风险 流动性效应 保险效应 |
| Key Words | Public Education; Education Investment Efficiency; Income Risk; Liquidity Effect; Insurance Effect |
| 内容提要 | 尽管改革开放以来，我国经济保持了30多年的高速增长，但与此不相匹配的是，政府对公共教育的投资远远低于世界平均水平。从人类发展的角度来看，人力资本不但是经济增长的重要投入要素，人力资本提升本身也是经济发展的核心目的。本文通过构建教育投资的世代交叠模型，说明存在收入不确定性时，居民选择的教育水平将会低于社会最优水平，流动性约束使私人教育投资进一步偏离社会最优水平；政府的公共教育投资具有流动性效应和保险效应，而且政府行政效率的提高可进一步增强公共教育投资的效应。跨国数据的实证检验表明，政府公共教育投资和行政效率的同步提升，能够促进人力资本水平的提高，这种促进作用在收入风险较大、流动性约束较强的中低收入国家效果更为突出。基于理论推导和跨国数据的实证分析，本文认为，在我国的市场经济尚不完善，人力资本与劳动报酬的匹配程度还有待提升，劳动者面临显著的收入风险，收入不平等状况严重的情况下，我国应进一步扩大公共教育投资，提升公共教育投资效率，以提高我国人力资本水平。 |
| Abstract | Since the Chinese reform and opening up, China's economy has maintained more than 30 years of growth miracle; however, the government investment in public education is far below the world average level. Human capital is one of the most important input factors for economic growth; while from the perspective of human development, the improvement in human capital is also the key purpose of economic development. This paper build an overlapping generation model of education investment, which illustrate that, as long as there exist income uncertainty, the level of education decided by residents would be less than the socially optimal level, and liquidity constraints will exacerbate the deviation. Government investment in public education has both liquidity effect and insurance effect, which can promote the residents’ investment in education, and improve the level of human capital in the community as a whole. The effects will be enhanced if there is promotion in the government's administrative efficiency. The empirical test by multinational data illustrates that simultaneously enhancing of the government's public investment in education and administrative efficiency can promote the accumulation of the human capital. This promoting role is more prominent in the low-income countries with larger income risk and liquidity constraint. Based on the theoretical deduction and empirical test of multinational data, this paper concludes that, with defective market economy; non-matching between human capital and income; apparent income risk faced by laborer; serious income inequality, China should improve the investment in public education and enhance the education investment efficiency to improve the human capital accumulation. |
| 文章编号 | WO614 |
| 登载时间 | 2014-04-04 |
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