出口与企业生产率：目的地真的很重要吗？
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| Title | Export and Enterprise Productivity: Does Destination Matter?
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| 作者 | 刘斌 王杰 李磊 |
| Author | Liu Bin , Wang Jie and Li Lei |
| 作者单位 | 对外经济贸易大学；南开大学 |
| Organization | University of International Business and Economics;School of Economics , Nankai University |
| 作者Email | liubin2004boy@126.com；wangjie0371@163.com |
| 中文关键词 | 出口目的地 企业生产率 倾向评分匹配 倍差法 |
| Key Words | Export Destination; TFP; Propensity Score Matching; Difference-in-Difference |
| 内容提要 | 出口目的地会影响企业生产率吗？何种类型的企业会在出口目的地选择中受益？本文在新新贸易理论的基础之上，试图进一步解释中国企业生产率持续增长之谜。采用2000-2006年中国工业企业数据和中国海关进出口数据的合并数据，运用倾向值匹配法和倍差法，本文考察了出口目的地不同对企业生产率的影响。在运用配对方法为处理组企业挑选了可供比较的对照组企业后，研究结果表明：与只出口到发展中国家的企业相比，企业出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后，生产率得到更大幅度提高，并且运用企业出口目的地选择概率值作为替代指标以及扩大发达国家界定范围的情况下，检验结果都较为稳健。另外，对企业异质性特征的实证检验发现，民营企业、加工贸易企业以及多产品企业在出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后，其生产率提升更为明显，而且出口阅历的积累、人力资本水平的提升和企业多样化集聚更有利于企业出口学习效应的发挥和创新能力的提高。 |
| Abstract | Does export destination influence enterprises’ productivity? What type of enterprises would benefit from the export destination? Based on the extension of the new-new trade theory, the paper attempts to further explain the mystery of the continued growth of the Chinese enterprise productivity. The paper merges the China’s industrial enterprises data and import -export trade data during 2000 and 2006, and adopts a matching method to select the suitable control group for our treatment group. Then Propensity Score Matching and Difference-in-Difference (DID) methods are employed to investigate the causal effect of enterprises export destination on enterprises’ TFP. The results show that enterprise export destination from developing countries to developed countries improve the TFP even faster compared with the enterprises only exported to developing countries. Such conclusion remains the same for various robustness tests, using the export destination choice probability value and the redefining expansion scope of developed countries. In addition, the study of heterogeneous characteristics such as different ownership enterprises and different ways of trade enterprises prove that private enterprise, processing enterprises and multi-product enterprises have more various productivity enhancement while the enterprise export destination from developing countries to developed countries, and human capital, export experience and diversified economic environment are more conducive to learning and innovation of export enterprises. |
| 文章编号 | WP679 |
| 登载时间 | 2014-09-02 |
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