市场冲击、要素扭曲配置与生产率损失——基于出口企业订单波动的经验研究
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| Title | Market Shock, Factor Allocation Distorting and Productivity Loss
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| 作者 | 苏启林 赵永亮 杨子晖 |
| Author | Su Qilin, Zhao Yongliang and Yang Zihui |
| 作者单位 | 暨南大学；中山大学岭南学院 |
| Organization | College of Economics, Jinan University; Sun yat-sen University |
| 作者Email | dgjnuyjy@126.com；ericjue@sohu.com；z_hyoung@yahoo.com.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 订单波动 逆向调整 扭曲配置 生产率 |
| Key Words | Market Shock; Reversed adjustment; distorted allocation; Productivity |
| 内容提要 | 市场波动的不确定性会导致出口企业扭曲（或错误）配置劳动力要素，本文通过Blinder-Oaxaca分解法将出口企业在国内市场和外部市场的订单（业务）波动类型分为四组，以此考察不同波动情形下的企业生产率损失。市场处于膨胀期（订单增长期）的企业相对萧条期（订单递减期）企业由此会付出更大的生产率损失，即“市场机会损失”更显著；订单外销导向（比内销导向）的要素扭曲配置代价更高，即存在显著的出口“干中学损失”；此外，要素扭曲配置还会导致“多样性收益损失”；除了信息不充分，要素和产品市场不发达造成的劳动力调整粘性，也会导致企业非意愿逆向调整（扭曲配置），进而降低了出口企业的全要素生产率；而肩负社会（就业）责任的国有出口企业短期内缺乏劳动力要素调整的市场敏感度，因而抗订单波动的决策风险较小。 |
| Abstract | Market uncertainty can lead to distortion in the firm’s allocation of labor and result into productivity loss. This paper first divides the sample export firms into four groups by their sale order in both domestic and foreign market. And by making Blinder-Oaxaca regressions, we find when labor allocation distortion happen, there will be a larger productivity loss for the firms with synchronous growth in domestic & foreign sale orders than those with decreasing orders, which mean a significant market opportunity loss. The allocation distortion will result into more productivity loss in export-oriented firms, which includes the loss of learning-by-exporting and the loss of variety gain. In addition to the information insufficient, less-developed labor&product market causes labor adjustment lag and factor allocation distortion, and lowers the TFP of exporters. |
| 文章编号 | WP840 |
| 登载时间 | 2015-03-20 |
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