农民工与城镇职工能实现工资同化吗？
阅读全文
下载全文 |
| Title | Could the Rural Immigrants be Assimilated in the Urban Labor Market?
|
| 作者 | 吕炜 杨沫 朱东明 王岩 |
| Author | Lv Wei,Yang Mo,Zhu Dongming and Wang Yan |
| 作者单位 | 东北财经大学 |
| Organization | Dongbei University of Finance and Economics; School of Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics |
| 作者Email | weilv008@163.com；momo00527@126.com；y.wang@dufe.edu.cn；zhu.dongming@mail.shufe.edu.cn |
| 中文关键词 | 农民工 工资差距 同化 职业流动 户籍歧视 |
| Key Words | Rural Immigrants; Wage Gap; Assimilation; Occupation Mobility; Hukou Discrimination |
| 内容提要 | 本文基于CHIPS2007微观调查数据，研究了中国城镇劳动力市场中农民工与城镇职工的工资差距及同化问题。针对农民工回迁所带来的自选择偏误，本文采用个体特征匹配的方法剔除了可能永久回迁的农民工样本。实证结果表明：农民工与城镇职工之间存在较大的初始工资差距且无法通过延长迁移时间来实现工资同化。平均而言，不同职业不同教育水平的农民工的初始工资比城镇职工低34.11%-53.43%，农民工在城镇地区的持续迁移至多可以消除29.16%的工资差距。进一步，本文使用职业转移矩阵和Brown分解方法对农民工无法实现工资同化的机制进行了研究，发现迁移时间无法根本消除工资差距的原因主要源自职业分布固化和户籍歧视。具体来看，农民工职业分布固定且缺乏流动晋升，“同化效应”虽能够有效地减少工资差距，但无法从根本上消除由户籍因素所主导的职业内的工资差距，也无法消除由于人力资本不足所主导的无法攀登职业阶梯而带来的职业间的差距。 |
| Abstract | This paper investigated the wage gap between the urban workers and rural immigrants in China’s urban labor market from the perspective of economic assimilation by using the CHIPS2007 data. To deal with the self-selection bias which produced by the return immigrants, we employed Propensity Score Method to drop some immigrants who had relatively high probability to return permanently. The empirical results show that there is a huge wage gap between the immigrants and the urban workers and the gap couldn’t be eliminated by the migration time. On the average, the immigrants’ wage is lower than the urban workers’ initially. Exactly, the gap between them is about 34.11%-53.43% and could be eliminated no more than 34.11% over time. Furthermore, this paper evaluated the assimilation mechanism using the occupations transition matrixes and Brown decomposition method. We found that the obstructive factors of the assimilation as result of the immigrants’ occupation fixation and the hukou discrimination. To be exact, the immigrants’ occupational distribution was fixed and absence of mobility and promotion. Although, to some extent, the “Assimilation effect” could diminished the wage gap, it cannot eliminate the gap within the occupations which dominated by the hukou discrimination and the gap between the occupation as result of lacking of occupational vertical mobility which dominated by the lower human capital. |
| 文章编号 | WP1129 |
| 登载时间 | 2016-11-15 |
|