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贸易壁垒下降与环境污染改善——来自中国企业污染数据的新证据
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TitleTrade Barrier Decrease and Environmental Pollution Improvement ——New Evidence from China’s Firm Level Pollution Data  
作者陈登科  
AuthorChen Dengke  
作者单位复旦大学经济学院 
OrganizationFudan Univeristy 
作者Emaildengkechen@fudan.edu.cn 
中文关键词贸易 环境污染 中国企业污染数据库 
Key WordsTrade; Environmental Pollution; Firm Level Pollution Data 
内容提要中国经济社会发展进入新时代。贸易与环境是新时期关乎国计民生的重大议题,尤其是十九大报告将推进贸易强国建设列为建设现代化经济体系的重要组成部分,将污染防治列为决胜全面建设小康社会的三大攻坚战之一。然而对于贸易与环境污染间的关系,现有文献还存在较大争议。基于微观数据考察贸易与环境污染关系的文献非常匮乏。此外,已有文献普遍采用进出口贸易总额、外商直接投资等存在较强内生性的指标度量贸易壁垒的大小(贸易自由化度),导致研究结论难以具有因果意义上的解释。有鉴于此,本文处理中国企业污染数据,将这一独特数据与中国工业企业数据库以及行业关税税率数据合并,借助中国加入WTO这一准自然实验缓解模型内生性问题,系统考察了贸易壁垒下降对中国环境污染的影响及传导机制。研究发现,贸易壁垒下降显著降低了中国环境污染,在一系列稳健性检验后该结论依然成立。贸易壁垒每下降一单位,企业主要污染排放物SO2下降2.3%;贸易壁垒下降主要通过技术效应而非规模效应影响企业污染排放;就贸易壁垒变化影响企业污染排放的技术效应而言,有偏技术进步而非中性技术进步占据主导地位;出口密度越高、规模越大的企业,贸易壁垒下降引起的污染降低效应越强。本文研究结论意味着,扩大开放除了可以通过经典文献识别的经济增长机制之外,还能够通过改善环境污染状况来提升中国社会福利。这为新时期推进贸易强国建设与打赢污染防治攻坚战提供了有益的政策启示。 
AbstractTrade and environment are important issues closely related to the development of national economy and the improvement of people's livelihood. The Report of the Nineteenth National Congress lists promoting trade as an important part of building a modern economic system and lists pollution prevention and control as one of the three key battles to win the victory of building a well-off society in an all-round way, which further highlights the importance of trade and environment. At present, there are no literature to study the relationship between trade and environmental pollution of China using micro-data. Moreover, existing literature generally employ endogenous variables such as total volume of import and export or foreign direct investment to measure trade liberalization, which makes it relatively difficult to explain their results in a causal sense. In the light of this, this paper cleans China's industrial enterprise pollution database. After that, merge this very unique database with China's industrial enterprise database and industry level tariff rate data. Additionally, by virtue of the quasi-natural experiment of China's accession to WTO, a DID model is constructed to alleviate the endogeneity issue. The results show: Trade barrier decrease (trade liberalization) has significantly reduced China's environmental pollution, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests. In particular, SO2, a major pollutant emitted by enterprises, decreased by 2.3% for every unit decrease of trade barrier; Trade liberalization mainly affects enterprises’ pollution emissions through technique effects rather than scale effects; As far as the technique effects of trade liberalization on environmental pollution are concerned, biased technical change rather than neutral technical change dominates; For enterprises with higher export density and larger scale, the pollution reduction effect caused by trade liberalization is stronger. The conclusions of this study imply that apart from regular channels have been identified by classical literature, trade can improve China's social welfare by improving its environmental conditions, which in turn provides useful policy enlightenment for promoting trade and winning the battle of pollution prevention and control in the new era.  
文章编号WP1464 
登载时间2020-01-16 
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