Abstrat:Given the low-cost industrialization is about to be over and the high-cost urbanization has just started,we examine the agglomeration effect of urbanization and the impact of increasing cost on industrial competitiveness,as well as the relationship between urbanization and industrial competitiveness.From the above analysis we find that the agglomeration effect of urbanization has positive effect on the competitiveness of industry and service sector while wage cost has negative effect on them,and the housing cost has the negative effect on the competitiveness of service sector.In order to achieve sustainable growth,its much needed to prevent the urbanization cost from growing too fast and transform the urbanization model to advance the process of urbanization in line with the process of industrialization.

Abstrat:This paper establishes a human capital accumulation model including two-stage education and analyzes the effects of public education policies on economic growth and human capital premium by numerical simulation.Our analyses suggest that:1the allocation policy favoring basic education and higher education size expansion policy have negative effects on human capital premium;2there exists higher bound on public education expenditure,basic education expenditure and higher education size from economic growth views;3public education policies have no effect in improving higher education opportunity equality.In addition,the empirical study based on the relevant data of Chinese provinces indicates that the allocation policy favoring basic education exert significant positive effects on the economic growth,public education expenditure has significant positive effects on human capital premium,and higher education size expansion policy has negative effects on human capital premium.

Abstrat:This paper summarizes the general features of human resources systematically in the western China,makes a comprehensive quantitative evaluation of human resources,analyzes the state and trend of demand and supply equilibrium of in the west minority area to reflect the exploiting effect of human resources in the west minority area by analyzing the relationship between human capital investment and economic growth.We also analyze "Inner Mongolia phenomenon".On this basis,the authors put forward the human resources development countermeasures that conforming to the features of the west minority area.

Abstrat:The paper researches the relationship between local government spending and inflation by analyzing the different types of provincial fiscal expenditure from 1992 to 2006.From the perspective of intergovernmental fiscal competition,The paper analyzes the mechanism of "wealth effect","seignorage effect","productive effect" and "home demand effect" of local government spending,and put forward three hypothesizes.Through dynamic panel data model to test the three hypothesizes,the result shows that centralization of fiscal revenue weakens the effect of fiscal competition on inflation;centralization of fiscal expenditures strengthens the effect of fiscal competition on inflation;because of the "productive effect" and "home demand effect",fiscal competition leads to the future inflation to decrease;there exists reverse causality between local fiscal expenditure and inflation,because local governments adjust local public spending reversely according to previous inflation.Even considering the reverse causality,hypothesis 1 and 2 are still binding.

Abstrat:Through the ultimate goal of the current monetary policy of the central bank and the game relationship between the central government and local governments in the real estate market,this paper deduces four inferences in article.Based on the BEKK model and the GARCH mean-value equation model,this paper empirically analyzes the volatility correlations among real estate price,money supply and economic growth,and examines the impact of various volatilities on economic growth.It has been found that the volatility of real estate price and the co-movement between real estate price and money supply have significant impacts on GDP growth rate,and furthermore lead to decline of GDP growth rate.The volatility of real estate price growth rate does not significantly affect economic growth rate volatility,while the co-movement between money supply and real estate price changes sharply,and the co-movement between real estate growth rate and economic growth rate does not show significant influence on economic growth rates volatility.Furthermore,monetary policy has different controlling effect on real estate price in different cities.The conclusion is that the volatility of real estate price should be controlled,but currently it is not necessary for the central bank to directly intervene in real estate price.To deal correctly with the game relationship between central government and local government in the real estate market is the main content to improve the efficiency of real estate management.

Abstrat:The paper examined the relationship between the market structure and performance of the banking industry in China.In the study,we found positive relationship between market share and return to bank assets,and negative relationship between market concentration and return to assets.Using loan overdue as an indicator for bank performance,we found that the market with higher concentration posted with higher ratio of non-performance loanNPL.This supported the "relative market strength" hypothesis on market structure and banks performance.In addition,the study found that efficiency had been an importance factor in determining financial institution performance,measured by both return to assets and NPL ratio.Besides,reduced market concentration can improve banks efficiency and reduce their NPL ratio.Therefore,further market opening,entry criteria relaxing and competition enhancing will improve efficiency of financial institutions,and in turn,the efficiency of the banking industry in China.

Abstrat:In those catching-up countries,exemplified by China,who are running after developed countries in terms of technology,governments always consider R&D subsidies as a critical measure to stimulate enterprises to carry out independent innovation.However,enterprises in reality often send out false innovation type signals so as to attain government subsidy.This paper builds up a dynamic and asymmetric information game model between enterprises and policy makers,with an attempt to depict enterprises strategies to acquire R&D subsidy and to analyze the subsidys stimulation effect.It indicates that the primary innovation subsidy would exert a "negative" stimulating effect if enterprises and government share asymmetric information,and meanwhile the special human capital for primary innovation is excessively cheap.Faced with the problems of false signals sent by enterprises,as well as the exorbitant distinguish cost,the best subsidies scheme for government is to achieve the separating equilibrium through increasing the special human capital price.The conclusion provides predictable methods to distinguish enterprises real innovation types,and feasible policy suggestion to enhance government R&D subsidies efficiency.

Abstrat:This paper examines the impact of business entrepreneurship and innovation entrepreneurship on economic growth by employing Chinese provincial panel data over the period 1983—2003.We conduct the system GMM estimations within the growth framework.The estimation results show that both business entrepreneurship and innovation entrepreneurship have positive effects on economic growth,and these effects are shown to be causal after we implement a series of sensitivity and instrumental variable analyses.Our empirical results suggest that it is of vital importance for governments to frame a conducive economic environment for entrepreneurship in order to promote growth.

Abstrat:The relationship between state ownership and firm value is one of the most important issues in the fields of economics,finance and accounting.Extant literature examined it from the perspective of corporate performance,but hasnt got a conclusion that is widely accepted.One of the main reasons is that the detailed channel through which state ownership affects firm value hasnt been examined.Tax payment is just one of the channels.Little research has examined the relationship between state ownership and firm value from the perspective of corporate tax burden,and tax status hasnt been taken into account.This paper examined the effects of state ownership and preferential tax on corporate tax burdens.It shows that corporate tax burden increased with state ownership,and state ownership brought heavier tax burdens to firms without preferential tax rate than firms with preferential tax rate.The conclusion has implications to the reform of state-owned companies,the tax levy of tax authority and investors decisions.

Abstrat:This paper finds that social networks,fathers education and political status,and urban household registration statushukou identity,as well as their own education,experience,age,and gender,help people enter high-wage industries.When contrasting coastal and inland samples,after instrumenting social networks by household political identitybased on classifications during the land reform in the 1950s,we find that social networks are more helpful for entering high-wage industries in coastal regions.The implication of this paper is:breaking industrial entry barriers in the urban labor market is an essential policy in order to control inter-industrial wage inequality in urban China.

Abstrat:Unlike any other species,humans cooperate with non-kin in large groups.Many scholars believe that altruistic punishment of some members is the main reason for this phenomenon.Since altruistic punishers must incur their own individual punitive costs to confer benefits on unrelated group members,the successful evolution of altruistic punishment in the crowd requires punishers can carry out severe punishment to traitors at a low cost.But the reality is that the punisher is not always the opponent of the traitor.If human do not be able to inflict serious punishment at a low cost,it is very difficult to insist the faith of relying on punishment to maintain cooperation within the groups.Therefore,it is very important to discuss the evolution of altruistic punishment at more relaxed conditions.In this paper,I make a further analysis on a number of social mechanisms of enhancing the ability of punishment,which is internalization of norms,conclusion of alliance and the intervention of third-party.Based on the model of Gintis2000,I build a simple mathematical model to analyze the impact of the above-mentioned three mechanisms on the evolution of altruistic punishment.My model implies that these three mechanisms can play important roles on the maintenance of cooperation of human society.

Abstrat:This paper estimates Chinas GDP from 1600 to 1840 using SNA method.The findings show that Augus Maddison overestimated Chinas economic output during that period.GDP per capita in pre-modern China was far below the average European countries,and the gap was continuously widening.In 1600,real GDP per capita in China was 168 gram silverMYM388 at 1990 level,and decreased to 127 gram silver$318 at 1990 level.GDP in China from 1600 to 1840 increased by 0.18% per year while GDP per capita decreased about 0.12 per year over the same period.